Examining Hydrogen Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay

Hydrogen fuel cells are potentially the energy beginning of the hereafter. Due to its efficiency and low pollution H fuel cells are far better than conventional gasoline engines. With increasing gasoline monetary values and pressing environmental issues, a new feasible energy beginning is required such as the H fuel cell, ( Swain, D. 2007 ) . ( 5 ) A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that produces current by the transition of H and O into H2O, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The first fuel cell was invented in 1839 by Sir William Grove. Fuel cells operate in a similar mode to a battery nevertheless they will continually bring forth heat and electricity if fuel is supplied, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Fuel cells run on H. Hydrogen is the most common and simplistic gas. It is exceptionally light and produces the highest sum of energy per unit of weight of 52000 Btu/lb, which is three times that of gasolene, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) A H fuel cell is made up of two electrodes environing an electrolyte. Hydrogen passes over the anode of the cell and the free negatrons are conducted into the external circuit. ( 2 ) The O passes over the cathode. Electrons are conducted back from the external circuit to the accelerator where the H and O recombine to organize H2O. A proton exchange membrane is the electrolyte. If a polymer exchange mem brane is used this must be hydrated to stay stable functionality, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) A Pt accelerator must be used to help the reaction, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The merchandises formed include H2O, heat and electricity. The two most promising fuel cells are the polymer exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC ) and the solid oxide fuel cell ( SOFC ) , ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The PEM fuel cell is used for transit such as in powering vehicles. This fuel cell has a low operating temperature signifier 60 & A ; deg ; C to 80 & A ; deg ; C and a high operating denseness, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The solid oxide fuel cells operate at really high temperatures of 700-1000 & A ; deg ; C. This cell will be used in big scale power coevals such as in mills, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) One of the primary advantages of the H fuel cells is the low emanations, ( Swain, D. 2007 ) . ( 5 ) Gasoline powered autos emit pollutants such as SO2 and NO. Fuel cells rely on chemical science and non on burning which reduces emanations, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) The lone gas released is H2O vapor. This reduces air pollution and combats planetary heating. ( 6 ) Hydrogen fuel cells are besides really effectual as they have the ability to covert fuel to energy from the minute of coevals. This eradicates multiple stairss and additions efficiency, ( Anonymous,2002 ) . ( 3 ) If pure H is used the H fuel cell can be 65 % efficient, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . If impure H utilized a reformist is required to alter the hydrocarbon into H which lowers the efficiency degree, nevertheless it is still far greater ( up to three times ) than a gasoline engine, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) ( Anonymous,2002 ) . ( 2 ) ( 3 ) Due to the fact that much energy is lost turning pumps and fans in gasoli ne vehicles the overall efficiency is really low of 20 % , ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) In add-on to this H fuel cells achieve the letter writer of 65 stat mis to the gallon doing them a feasible energy beginning, ( Anonymous,2002 ) . ( 3 ) The dependability of a H fuel cell is a major advantage. Whereas burning engines, such as gasoline engines, have many traveling parts that require care, the fuel cell has really few. ( 3 ) This will cut down care costs and increase dependability. In add-on to this a fuel cell will non travel dead ( as batteries do ) if there is a changeless flow of chemicals into the cell, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) Although ab initio production costs would be high for H fuel cells this will diminish and mass production costs will go low because of the simple building of the cell. ( 3 ) Equally good as this the H fuel cell is safe. Unlike gasoline, H will non do environmental jeopardies such as spillages. Similar to petrol H will fire when lit nevertheless it merely becomes explosive when stored up in an enclosed country, which is improbable as H disperses easy, ( Anonymous,2002 ) 3. ( 3 ) This makes H fuel cells a safe option. Hydrogen can be produced from coal, natural gas and oil. Since these militias are being depleted it is a great adventage that H for the fuel cells can be produced from biomass, sunshine and H2O, ( Swain, D. 2007 ) . ( 5 ) There are many beginnings of H on Earth. Hydrogen is found combined with other elements, chiefly C and O, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) However it can be easy extracted and used to do the ultimate clean and efficient energy beginning, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Like all fuels and signifiers of energy H fuel cells have their disadvantages. One of the largest disadvantages of H fuel cells is that presently they are really expensive, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 2 ) ( 4 ) Many of the constituents that make up a H fuel cell such as the Pt accelerator and proton exchange membrane are dearly-won, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) This would hold to diminish mostly to be economically feasible. Once this has decreased, for illustration by utilizing an alternate accelerator, mass production costs will diminish, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) The production costs of H besides pose a disadvantage. Most H comes from coal, natural gas and oil. The pollution caused by the production of H from these resources is similar to the sum of that of gasoline engines, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) Hydrogen can be produced by sunshine and air current to power electrolysis which does non make any pollution nevertheless this is excessively expensi ve to use extensively, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) Another job with H fuel cells arise with storage. Due to the fact that H is such a light gas and disperses easy it is really hard to hive away a big sum in a confined country, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) The challenge posed is for applied scientists to fit the 300-mile vehicle scope. However this is non impossible as it has been done in some recent vehicles, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Research workers are besides coming up with new ways of hive awaying the H such the usage of H armored combat vehicles and metal loanblends, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) For H fuel cells to go feasible a PEMFC membrane must be developed that can run in high temperatures ( 100 & A ; deg ; C ) every bit good as bomber zero temperatures, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) PEMFC membranes are hydrated to reassign H protons nevertheless at temperatures greater than 80 & A ; deg ; C the hydration is lost. These high temperatures are of import as the fuel cell will hold an increased tolerance to drosss. ( 2 ) Fuel cells must stay stable where every bit presently when the vehicle is turned on or off or temperatures are high the membrane tends to degrade, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) Further research is required to battle this. In add-on to this exchanging to hydrogen fuel would necessitate an accommodation of substructure where H fuel Stationss, grapevines and distribution channels are required, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) This is possible nevertheless it will take many old ages and money to construct, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) Like all fuels hydrogen fuel cells do hold disadvantages nevertheless many of these can be combated with farther research and over clip, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Presently hydrogen fuel cells are non a feasible beginning of energy nevertheless due to their low emanations, high efficiency and many other advantages they have the possible to in the hereafter go a feasible energy beginning that is more effectual than gasoline engines.

A Learning Experience: Lost in Translation

Ralph Waldo Emerson, a well-known American literary icon, once said that â€Å"No man should travel until he has learned the language of the country he visits. Otherwise he voluntarily makes himself a great baby – so helpless and so ridiculous.† I came upon this quote while I was looking for some passages or anecdotes that might make for a â€Å"first paragraph with a good hook.†Emerson’s take on the issue of language learning was somehow brutal and unconstructive, instantly attracting my attention since I am an international student acknowledging some limitations in my knowledge and skills in the use of the English language.Although Emerson was, and is still, highly-revered for his ingenuity in literature, I would have to express my disagreement about what he said about the helplessness and ridiculousness of people who visit countries without obtaining knowledge and practical skills on each country’s native language.My experiences in this country h as taught me that being at a disadvantage in terms of one’s lack of knowledge and skills in language and communication do not bring down a person to helplessness and nonsensicality. For I have discovered that being â€Å"lost in translation† is not a hopeless situation but an opportunity to sensibly and realistically learn the language.When arrived here one year ago, my limitations pertaining to the English language has made my life adjustments worse since it was difficult to openly communicate and relate to other people. Being in an unfamiliar place was stressful enough, having to deal with not being able to conveniently visit places, dealing with the changes in the weather, learning the culture, and such.Not being able to communicate well enough made it much worse, since it became a barrier in smoothing the progress of adjustment and adaptation. At first, I was deeply uncomfortable with having to talk to other people who are native speakers of English for fear of bei ng criticized or made of as a joke. However, my everyday experiences has taught me that gradual openness to socialization, interaction, and communication is a opportunity for me to learn not only the language, but the cultural practices and traditions that are unfamiliar to me.I found out how talking to other people often about anything helped in developing my knowledge and skills of the English language. But perhaps the most important skill that I have learned is how to use theEnglish language in practical, everyday conversations in order to avoid or prevent confusion that is rooted from misunderstandings or miscommunications. There was this one time when I was watching the evening news with a friend of mine. The news show televised a case wherein two individuals claiming to be insurance handlers fooled other people into subscribing for insurance plans.They ran away after obtaining the initial payments made by their clients. I remember my friend telling me initially how it was a â €Å"rip off.† I did not understand what he meant by the situation being a rip-off since the act of ripping to me, as I understood it, is the act of tearing or cutting a thing or an object. Out of pure curiosity, I asked him what he meant and he explained to me how the word â€Å"rip-off† means a form of cheating or conning.I especially value learning practical English language through my daily encounters with other people because it has greatly helped in my being able to adjust to my life here in a foreign country.However, I am not disregarding the fact that learning the formal grammar rules of the English language is all too important, my learning of practical English language for everyday use has contributed to my getting used to living in this country as I feel that I understand people more when I talk to them leaving out confusion or awkwardness in misunderstandings or miscommunications.I can relate to my friends when they say they are â€Å"having dibs† on or going â€Å"bonkers† over some girls they see in the campus or on the street, or when they say that we need to â€Å"pull an all-nighter† before the day of the examinations, and such.Learning words or phrases that are commonly used in this country has made it easier for me to understand what other people mean, making it also easy to respond, make judgments, state opinions, and such. Moreover, it has boosted my self-confidence in opening conversations with other people creating more opportunities for me to learn the English language effectively.

Baroque Era

In all respects, baroque music is like the anger of teenagers. Well, even in such a way that you do not pay for the way we expect from modern teenagers, they may not be criticized as all they might be surprised. But what do you do, what is a teenager? Briefly, teenagers are no longer children, not adults. When all the rules are broken, there seems to be nothing that matches it, and when the mood fluctuates dramatically, this is the middle stage of embarrassment. This is Baroque music. To better understand this, remember that the Renaissance is the reproduction of art and music, and the classical era is its birth. The Baroque era is thought to be the beginning of expansion of Western European civilization. The word baroque comes from Portuguese and represents irregular shaped pearls. It is translated from Italian into strange and strange things. The Baroque era refused to regard it as ignorance and wild nature. During this period, women should be unnaturally pale and their bodies shou ld have mysterious hair, but men should not have whiskers or wigs on their heads. He should be full of strength and aroma. (Bukofzer, 24 years old) The era of Baroque art was classified as many as the early Baroque era, the high Baroque era, and the late Baroque era. The era of Rococo art is often regarded as part of the late Baroque era. Over the years, the time frame of the Rococo era and whether it is the same as the Baroque era. The era of Baroque art and Rococo art may be classified in the same era, but in fact it is very unique and unique. The era of baroque art from the 1600s to the mid 1700s began during the Catholic reform in Rome in Italy and spread rapidly to most parts of Europe. In the late 1500s Protestant reform began to attack doctrine like the Catholic church. In response to these attacks, the Catholic Pope began a campaign in the church to rebuild and disseminate Catholic faith. In the meantime most people are unable to read and write, so the church has to design a way to disseminate the message of the gospel so that everyone can understand it. The most important elements of the Baroque period were religious reform and anti-reform, and the development of the Baroque style was thought to be closely related to the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church encouraged the popularity of the Baroque style, the Catholic Church decided at the Trent Committee that art should convey religious themes and guide emotional participation in response to Protestant reforms. The most important elements of the Baroque period were religious reform and anti-reform, and the development of the Baroque style was thought to be closely related to the Catholic Church. In fact, the popularity of this style is encouraged by the Catholic Church. And it has decided that in the Trent Council art should convey religious themes and lead emotional participation in response to Protestant reform.

Legalizing Marijuana in Arizona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Legalizing Marijuana in Arizona - Essay Example â€Å"The Arizona department of health was then tasked with the regulation of sales and the use of marijuana solely for medicinal purposes†. In this quote, Donovan uses alliteration as is shown by the repetition of consonants sounds to bring about flow in the sentence. After the Proposition 203 had been approved, specific rules were put in place explaining who was allowed to grow, distribute, and or to use marijuana for the said medicinal purposes. It is vital to note that marijuana cannot be used for every medical condition. The discussion only gets as interesting as it is controversial. Thus, when Scott Cecil, a board member of Students for Sensible Drug Policy, faced felony charges of possessing marijuana for his own personal use, he began to think that the war on drugs was targeting the wrong crowd. According to him, â€Å"the incident made me realize that every year; hundreds of thousands of people were arrested in connection to marijuana as well as other drugs. It is wr ong as these people had not committed any violent crimes nor were they selling drugs.† In his defense, they were just using the drugs for their recreational purposes. Mr. Scott’s sentiments are echoed by Mr. Dennis Bolkhe, the treasurer for Safer Arizona, who argues that Arizona would be a safe place when marijuana is legalized. Mr. Scott says that â€Å"the arresting of marijuana sellers, users, or distributors is completely outrageous and hence people should not be jailed for such†.

Fill out Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Fill out - Assignment Example Even, I am more stressed out and mentally fatigued. For controlling this stress, I feel that I should give some time to myself and my friends because giving all the time to studies is making me more stressed. I can do some exercises for mental relaxation; I can also make a schedule giving time to exercise, studies, family time and much more. I should take enough sleep to relax my mind. I should set my preferences and list them out number-wise. Previously, I adopted an extreme side that made me tenser and I was unable to give required results. I worry about a number of things in my life. I am quite aware that this worrying is useless, but I am somewhat habitual. For example, I worry about diseases especially the viral ones; I also worry about my studies that make me much stressed. I worry about people and their comments on any of my actions. I worry about my parents’ anger and much more. What are some ways that this worrying behavior might be useful for you? Think in terms of its distractive value, the self-pity and sympathy that you might enjoy, or even the magical belief that you might somehow prevent disaster through magical thinking. My concern about diseases makes me to take precautionary measures beforehand. My worry about studies makes me to devise strategies to appear better in exams. I also enjoy self-pity when I analyze the amount of workload on me. My stress about people’s perceptions and beliefs regarding my behavior and personality make me stand by and on my guard. My worry about my parents’ anger allows me to keep away from such actions that can cause this anger. Directions: Sometimes the inability to separate a problem from how you feel about the situation may impede your progress in obtaining solutions. The following is an exercise that is designed to help you separate the two.   I am sometimes unable to control my anger that is a big problem. Anger is an emotional outburst that is mostly bad for human health

Book Review of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay

Book Review of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example It did end as he was able to catch a great marlin but as he was going home, sharks attacked and ate his prized fish. He arrived at his home exhausted with what’s left of the marlin, its skeleton, mostly its backbone. At the first read, The Old Man and The Sea was like a simple story about an old man struggle to end his unlucky streak in fishing. And it did end when he caught the marlin though he lost it to the sharks as he was going home. But The Old Man and The Sea was not a simple story. In fact, when you read it several times, you would always find something new with it. The story could be about old age. It could also be about man versus nature. It could also be about social expectations and discrimination. It depends on your perspective how you would interpret the meaning of the symbols Hemingway used in the story. The Old Man and The Sea has a lot of references to the rituals that our society follows. The hopes and dreams of individuals are influenced by the belief in a r eligion and luck. This is shown through the story by telling us how Santiago had precise actions before going fishing. His methods of preparing himself with battling the ocean and the fish that he was to catch indicated a great influence of religious practices. Even in the course of battling with the marlin, Santiago showed us how he was influenced by religion and rituals. He regarded the marlin as human, someone who can understand him. This was seen when he talks to the fish while it resisted Santiago’s tug. Religion had taught us to respect every living being. And this was what he did even when he knew he would eventually kill the fish. He respected the fish by talking to it. He did not bastardize its body. In fact, he tried to save it from being eaten whole by the sharks. When the fish circled around the boat and indicated its weakness, Santiago felt the strength come out of him as he pulled the fish into boat. This showed us that, although it was a hard feat, Santiago was prepared to do it, for the sake of proving to himself and to everyone else back at home that he was not an unlucky one anymore. And even if he was unable to bring the whole fish home intact, he was able to regain the respect of the community for bringing home the largest fish ever caught by a villager. This stressed how one’s status in the community is influenced by the perspectives of other people. Before catching the marlin, Santiago was taught to be an unlucky one. Parents feared their sons would catch his â€Å"sickness† (as the unlucky one), and this might bring them bad luck as well. He was also not fully accepted because of his Cuban descent and even more because he was old. The story also showed us that fishing is not a simple job. It was something that you need to be prepared for. Hemingway used simple words in this short story. It seemed like he wanted to make sure that the people reading this story would really understand what it means when they become of a ge, and when they become older. The story was simply constructed. It did not go in circles and it was linear. It also did not suggest how you would understand the story. Rather, it presented ideas and facts through the way Hemingway constructed the story. Aside from the rich images and allusions, Hemingway also made sure that the narrative modes are shifting. When you look at the first and last part of the story, you would notice that it is in the third person view, someone who did not dwell on Santiago’

Hamlet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hamlet - Research Paper Example True enough, the infuriated king proved to have reacted to the play as a mere act one should enjoy and appreciate. The entire play of Shakespeare is believed to be a retelling of an earlier play based on historical fiction (Friedlander, Theatrehistory), with important changes made in some places. The play within the play would probably be one among these important revisions in the story that gives the playwright his unique view of the circumstances in between Hamlet’s knowledge of the king’s murder and the culmination of his revenge. Being unable to get his father’s ghost as a witness to his own murder, Hamlet acts to be insane and ingeniously devises the plan of the play while he waits and plans his revenge. The Roman historical novel also claimed that his protagonist, Brutus, also pretended to be a lunatic (Friedlander). Other versions of Hamlet before Shakespeare were written though not as popular as the renowned playwright’s adaptation, somehow affecte d the totality of the widely acclaimed play by Shakespeare. Probably, the playing of a historical drama was Shakespeare’s inspiration to come up with the play within his play. It could be that the playwright aimed to show the lessons learned when one sits down and watches his role in this world. As Shakespeare himself said, ‘All the World’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players’ (Shakespeare) and continues to say that all of us have many parts to play in our lifetime. An actor of a play playing his part as an actor could prove to have inspired the playwright, using the reality of which to portray a strong and effective employment of irony. In this respect, the plea of the author for the reader to sit aback and watch his roles he played in the past; is a plea to the conscience. Before the portrayal of the play in the written text, a short summary of what was to take place was narrated (Bate & Rasmussen) so that the reader would understand how it fits in the whole story. However, as the real players watch the ‘play’, the playing of their roles still continues with conversations done in between the portrayal of the ‘play’. I can say that this is a literary style of Shakespeare to hold his reader’s attention. Simply reading across the lines can leave the reader confused with which scene is being ‘acted out’ and which is being acted out. That would be, determining which scene is the real act and which is the play in the play. Concentration is needed from the reader in order for him to follow the trail of the story and not get lost. This would also be a style used to let the reader think as he continues with the story. Having read the summary of the play in the play, a reader can basically know how the act would go however, conversations of the ‘real’ players hold the reader’s attention to the text. It presents a seemingly mathematical problem to be solved by the reader as one devotes more attention to how the story goes. In proving the guilt of the king, Shakespeare’s use of the play within the play as a speaker to the former’s conscience elicited the response perceived by Hamlet as a proof of guilt. This method of the writer to move towards the climax of his story seems to be his unique version of the play as we have mentioned earlier that the whole legend was not the original concept of Shakespeare. However, coming up with a

The effects of Employee satisfaction on Productivity, Performance, Research Paper

The effects of Employee satisfaction on Productivity, Performance, Customer satisfaction and the organization financial performance - Research Paper Example Any changes caused to any one of the above parameters may have strong impacts upon other parameters. Even though an organization may have lot of resources, human resources or the employees seem to be the most vital one because of the necessity of employees in mobilizing all the other organizational resources. In other words, employee performance and productivity is linked with the mission, vision, objectives and goals of the organization. Only the satisfied employee may deliver his maximum productivity for the betterment of the organization. Dissatisfied employees may not perform well and their reluctance in delivering the goods, may affect the customers of the organization. Dissatisfied employees may not treat the customers well which may result in dissatisfaction of the customers and the subsequent drop out of customers. The loss of customers may cause heavy financial damages to the organization. In short, employee performance can make or break an organization. This paper analyses the importance of employee satisfaction and its impacts on Productivity, Performance, Customer satisfaction and the organization financial performance.... re are direct and quantifiable links between customer service variables (such as satisfaction and loyalty), employee variables (such as satisfaction, enthusiasm, loyalty, commitment, capability, and internal service quality), and financial results (Linking Employee Satisfaction with Productivity, Performance, and Customer Satisfaction, 2003, p.1) Employees are the only active element in an organization. All the other organizational resources are passive and need the support of human element to deliver the goods. In other words employees are the drivers who drive the organizational resources in a particular direction to meet the organizational goals. If the drivers or the employees are incapable of driving the vehicle properly, it is difficult for the organization in reaching the target or meeting the goals. Only the satisfied drivers will keep the vehicle in good condition by driving the vehicle safely and effectively. Dissatisfied drivers will never bother much about the conditions of the vehicle or the negative impacts of crazy driving habits. Proper driving will help the vehicle owner to reduce maintenance cost of the vehicle which will increase his profits. â€Å"The Watson Wyatt Worldwide Human Capital Index study suggests that effective human resources practices lead to positive financial outcomes more often than positive financial outcomes lead to good practices† (Linking Employee Satisfaction with Productivity, Performance, and Customer Satisfaction, 2003, p.2). Many people often raise the question - which one evolved first; hen or egg? The same question is asked in the organizational world also – whether good human management practices lead to better organizational performances or better organizational performances lead to good human management practices? The

International financial management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International financial management - Essay Example spect to be kept in mind is that the only source of revenue generation for Temple Hill is from Guests and if there are any lacunae in this area it could affects future revenue and dips in profits. Since this project has a 35 % returns on investments it could be considered to be a safe one and its implementation could be further enhance by increasing the guests’ strength. By increasing the number of guests from 12 to 40, the net profit on Sales increases from 8% to 25.65 %. The future trend of profitability for this venture is also commendable. However, it needs to be studied that these illustrations assumes that the variable costs remains constant in the short period which may not always be the case. If any guest discontinues during the period it could further affect the profitability levels in the short run although it could be compensated by others in the long run, but this risk factor needs to be evaluated. Return on Common Equity, which is measured as the Return on Common Equity. In other words, this would display what proportion of the capital is being returned as profits to the investors. It is by far, the most important aspect of business, because the ultimate motive of business is the Returns to Investors/.Stakeholders. In this case we find the following: â‚ ¤ 6,946/â‚ ¤ 20000 or 34.73 %. Therefore it could be said that there is a a return of around 35% on this proposed venture. Normally the industry standard for ROE is around 15%. Therefore, it could be said that for the present moment, this seems to be a profitable venture which has financial viability. From the above it is found that Returns on Sales is 8.03 % which is much above the industry standard of 5 %. However, it is suggested that this Returns on Sales could be further improved by 1. Either increasing the Revenue or 2. By cutting costs. The fixed costs could not be reduced in the short run, since this is a trial measure for seeking the feasibility of this project. However, the major costs